L16-Unit5-Lesson1-offering_help_and_support
Vocabulary（Stress）
SECTION 1 听录音根据问题选择正确的答案
(1/5)
sound
Amazingly, when we are under pressure, our body reacts the same way it did thousands of years ago, when our early ancestors were in danger, the fight or flight response. This is when our brain releases chemicals that give us extra strength and speed, so that in any dangerous situation, we can either stay and fight or run away.
令人惊讶的是，当我们承受压力时，我们的身体所作出的反应，和几千年前早期人类在面对危险时的反应几乎完全相同，这种反应被称为“战或逃反应”。正是在这一刻，大脑会释放出一些化学物质，赋予我们额外的力量和速度，使我们在任何危险情境中，都可以选择留下来战斗，或者迅速逃离。
question
‘Fight or flight’ response is an instinctual response that _______.
helps you face danger or escape
causes high blood pressure
is bad for your health
words
ancestor /ˈænsestər/n.祖先；祖宗；
flight /flaɪt/n.逃避，躲避；
chemical/ˈkemɪkl/n.化学制品；化学品
instinctual /ɪnˈstɪŋktʃuəl/adj.本能(而非习得)的
(2/5)
sound
This is called a stress response, and it can be pretty useful. It doesn’t just help you escape from dangerous situations, it also comes in handy if you’re competing in a sporting event, have an important deadline to meet at work or are taking an exam. However, the problem is when we find ourselves in a situation that causes us stress on a regular basis – for example, worrying about our job, money, family or relationship – our brain still produces these ‘fight or flight’ chemicals.
这被称为“压力反应”，而且它其实相当有用。它不仅能帮助你从危险情境中逃生，在你参加体育比赛、需要在工作中赶一个重要截止期限，或是参加考试时，也同样能派上用场。然而，问题在于，当我们长期处在那些反复给我们带来压力的情境中——例如为工作、金钱、家庭或亲密关系而担忧时——大脑依然会持续产生这些“战或逃反应”的化学物质。
question
When is the fight or flight response not beneficial to us?
when we’re taking an exam参加考试
when we’re running in a race参加比赛跑步
when we’re worried about our job
words
comes in handy 派上用场
handy /ˈhændi/adj.方便的；易使用的
compete/kəmˈpiːt/vi.竞争；
to meet a deadline：赶期限 / 按期完成
find ourselves in：发现自己身处于
on a regular basis：长期地 / 经常性地（频率副词）
basis 方式。核心语义：某种事情发生所依托的“方式 / 频率层面”
regular /ˈreɡjələr/ adj. 规律的；经常发生的；定期的
on a daily basis：每天
on a weekly basis：每周
on a regular basis：经常、长期、反复地
(3/5)
sound
Our heart beats faster, our blood flows more quickly, we feel hot, we sweat, and to save energy we even stop digesting our food. This of course can be bad for our health, in fact if we suffer from this kind of low level stress over a long period of time it can make us seriously ill. So how can you tell if you or someone you know is suffering from stress? Well there are a number of physical and behavioral symptoms to look out for. Physical symptoms of stress can include high blood pressure, shortness of breath, chest pains, headaches, muscle pain, insomnia, hair loss, and allergies.
我们的心跳加快，血液流动更快，身体发热、出汗，甚至为了节省能量，身体还会暂时停止对食物的消化。这当然会对我们的健康产生不良影响，事实上，如果我们长期承受这种低强度的压力，甚至可能导致严重的疾病。那么，我们该如何判断自己或身边认识的人是否正在承受压力呢？其实，有不少身体和行为方面的症状是值得我们留意的。压力的身体症状可能包括高血压、呼吸急促、胸痛、头痛、肌肉疼痛、失眠、脱发以及过敏反应。
question
Physical symptoms of stress include high blood pressure, headaches and _____.
hunger
insomnia
sleepiness
words
digest /daɪˈdʒest /v.消化；
behavioral /bɪ’heɪvjərəl/adj.关于行为的
chest /tʃest/n.胸部；
allergy/ˈælərdʒi/n.过敏；
low level stress：低强度压力（非极端，但持续存在）
a number of：许多
look out for：留意 / 警惕
shortness of breath呼吸急促 / 气短
(4/5)
sound
Behavioral symptoms can vary, but any change in someone’s normal personality, such as greater anxiety, sudden mood swings, or an unusually negative outlook on life, can be signs that the person is stressed. Stress can also make existing behavioral problems, like alcohol or substance abuse, worse. Being stressed also means you don’t look after yourself. If you’re stressed out, it’s important to make sure you get enough sleep, take regular breaks, eat and drink healthily, and get regular exercise. Conversely, falling into a cycle of negative lifestyle habits just makes things worse. Despite an increasing number of scientific studies, the link between stress and serious illness is still a controversial one. Not all scientists agree that stress in itself causes illness or disease.
行为方面的压力症状因人而异，但只要一个人的正常性格出现任何变化，例如更强烈的焦虑、突然的情绪波动，或对生活产生异常消极的看法，都可能是这个人正在承受压力的迹象。压力还可能使原本存在的行为问题（如酗酒或药物滥用）进一步恶化。处在压力之下也意味着你往往不会好好照顾自己。如果你压力过大，确保充足睡眠、定期休息、健康饮食以及坚持锻炼就显得尤为重要。相反，陷入不良生活方式的恶性循环，只会让问题进一步恶化。尽管相关的科学研究数量不断增加，压力与严重疾病之间的关联仍然存在争议。并非所有科学家都认同压力本身就会直接导致疾病。
question
According to the presenter, _____.按照主讲人的说法
there is no evidence that stress causes sickness
not all scientists agree that stress causes sickness
it has been proved that stress causes sickness
words
vary/ˈveri/v.因人而异 / 有所不同
mood swings：情绪波动
substance /ˈsʌbstəns/n.物质；
abuse/əˈbjuːs , əˈbjuːz/vt.&n.滥用，
Conversely/ˈkɑːnvɜːrsli/相反地；
negative lifestyle habits：不良生活习惯
falling into：陷入
a cycle of：恶性循环
scientific studies：科学研究
the link between A and B：A 与 B 之间的关联; 压力与严重疾病之间的关联
in itself：本身、单独来看
(5/5)
sound
However, stress has been linked to high cholesterol levels in the blood, gastrointestinal problems, and even diabetes. Stress may also put people at greater risk of heart attacks and strokes. But don’t start getting too stressed out about stress. The most important thing to remember is this. If you live a well-balanced life, and that means work life and home life, you can manage your stress levels independently without any cause for concern.
然而，压力已被发现与血液中胆固醇水平升高、胃肠道问题，甚至糖尿病有关。压力还可能使人们面临更高的心脏病发作和中风风险。但也不要因为压力这件事本身而变得过度紧张。最重要的一点是要记住下面这件事。如果你过着一种平衡的生活——也就是说，在工作与家庭生活之间保持良好平衡——你就能够独立地管理自己的压力水平，而无需为此感到担忧。
question
The professor says the most important thing to remember is to _____.
live a well-balanced life
play hard尽情玩乐
work hard
words
has been linked to：已被发现与……有关
cholesterol /kəˈlestərɔːl/n.胆固醇
gastrointestinal /ˌɡæstroʊɪnˈtestɪnl/adj.胃肠的
diabetes/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/n.糖尿病；多尿症
put … at risk of：使……处于……的风险之中
stroke/stroʊk/n.中风；
without any cause for concern 没有值得担忧的理由
SECTION 2 听录音选择正确答案
audio
Well, in the current economic climate, it’s no big surprise that employees are reporting being more stressed than ever. Workers are fretting about the possibility of being laid off, and those who survive the job cuts are left overwhelmed trying to keep on top of an increasingly burdensome workload. With these frazzled workers in mind, we’ve invited psychiatrist Dr. Candace Koopland into the studio to share some advice on how to cope with stress in the workplace.
Dr. Koopland, thank you for joining us. Now, what advice can you give our listeners on how to deal with stress?
Well, one of the most effective ways to deal with stress is to prioritize. This may sound quite obvious in theory, but in practice, many of us are tempted to focus on easy-to-tackle tasks rather than those that are truly more important. We do this so we can get a sense of accomplishment from finishing the easier jobs, but we would be better advised to put the non-essential on the back burner while we deal with our more pressing deadlines.
Don’t sweat the small stuff, right?
Exactly. Another tip I like to share is to keep a tidy desk. This simple strategy to reduce stress means taking 5 minutes at the end of every workday to tidy up your workspace. Being greeted by a messy desk in the morning can certainly affect your mood, making you feel burned out before you even start. So why not give yourself the gift of a fresh start each day?
Next, strive for a work-life balance. Chronic stress can lead to a number of stress-related conditions, including high blood pressure. With that in mind, it’s essential that you take care of yourself, if only because you certainly aren’t going to make headway on that important project if you get sick. So be sure to set aside some downtime from that hectic schedule to take a breather. Get a massage, read a book, or go out to a concert. Pretty much whatever helps you recharge your batteries.
That’s right. And speaking of recharging, it’s essential that you get adequate rest. If you are having a hard time getting to sleep, try combating your insomnia by taking time before bed each night to decompress. Take a hot bath, read a short story, or do some deep breathing exercises. Many people make the mistake of bringing their laptops to bed to check their emails. No wonder they toss and turn. Whatever you do, never take your work to bed.
If you find yourself plagued by your to-do list, get out of bed, write it down, and go back to bed. Rest assured that you can pick up and get started on that list in the morning.
Lastly, an often overlooked strategy is to simply ask for a hand. Many workers don’t ask for the help they need because they are afraid to appear incompetent. But if you can’t handle the workload on your own, you shouldn’t be afraid to accept a helping hand. In the end, what people will remember is that the job got done.
All very good advice. Thank you, Dr. Koopland. Now, we’ll open up our phone lines. Got a question for Dr. Koopland? Give a call in our studio at 555…
在当前的经济形势下，员工们比以往任何时候都感到更加紧张，这并不令人意外。许多员工为可能被裁员而忧心忡忡，而那些在裁员中留下来的人，则不得不承受越来越沉重的工作负担，常常感到不堪重负。考虑到这些身心俱疲的员工，我们邀请了精神科医生坎迪斯·库普兰博士来到演播室，分享一些应对职场压力的建议。
库普兰博士，感谢您来到节目。您能给我们的听众一些应对压力的建议吗？
应对压力最有效的方法之一，就是学会分清事情的轻重缓急。这在理论上听起来很简单，但在实际中，许多人更容易把精力放在那些容易完成的任务上，而不是那些真正重要的事情。这样做可以让我们通过完成简单任务获得成就感，但更明智的做法，是先把不重要的事情放一边，集中精力应对更紧迫的截止期限。
也就是说，别为小事操心，对吗？
正是如此。另一个我想分享的建议是保持办公桌整洁。这个简单的减压方法，就是每天工作结束前花五分钟整理一下桌面。早上面对一张凌乱的桌子，确实会影响情绪，甚至在开始工作前就让人感到精疲力竭。所以，为什么不给自己每天一个“重新开始”的机会呢？
接下来，要努力实现工作与生活的平衡。长期压力可能导致多种与压力相关的健康问题，比如高血压。基于这一点，照顾好自己至关重要——毕竟一旦生病，你也不可能在重要项目上取得任何进展。因此，一定要从繁忙的日程中抽出一些时间放松一下。去做个按摩、读本书，或听一场音乐会，总之，做任何能让你恢复精力的事情。
没错。说到恢复精力，充足的睡眠同样必不可少。如果你难以入睡，可以在每晚睡前留出时间放松自己，比如泡个热水澡、读一篇短篇故事，或做一些深呼吸练习。许多人犯的错误是把笔记本电脑带到床上查看邮件，难怪会辗转反侧。无论如何，千万不要把工作带到床上。
如果你被待办事项清单困扰，不妨起床把它写下来，然后再回去睡觉。请放心，第二天早上你完全可以再重新开始处理这些事情。
最后，一个经常被忽视的策略其实很简单——主动寻求帮助。许多员工不愿意求助，是因为害怕显得自己不够能干。但如果你确实无法独自应付工作量，就不必害怕接受他人的帮助。最终，人们记住的，只会是事情是否顺利完成。
这些建议都非常有价值。谢谢你，库普兰博士。接下来，我们将开通热线电话。如果你有问题想请教库普兰博士，欢迎拨打我们演播室的电话 555……
question
Which ones are true?
1、The audio is about the different illnesses caused by stress.
音频在讲压力导致的各种疾病
2、Dr. Coupland advises taking time off work.
take time off work（请假/休假）
3、One of the suggested coping methods is seeing a doctor.
4、The audio is about coping with stress.
cope with：处理；
5、One of the suggested coping methods is prioritizing.
6、Dr. Coupland suggests that mess affects our mood.
7、Dr. Coupland says we should never work in bed.
8、Dr. Coupland suggests limiting the time we work in bed.
words
climate/ˈklaɪmət/n.环境
reporting being more stressed than ever：反映自己承受着前所未有的压力
fret/fret/v.烦恼；烦躁；苦恼；焦虑不安
survive the job cuts：在裁员中“幸存”下来
frazzled /ˈfræzld/adj.疲惫而烦躁的
overwhelmed /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/adj.被压倒的，不知所措的
burdensome /ˈbɜːrdnsəm/adj.负担沉重的；繁重的
psychiatrist /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/n.精神科医生；精神病学家
Candace /ˈkændəs/n.坎迪斯；坎达丝
studio /ˈstuːdioʊ/演播室；
cope /koʊp/vi.处理；
cope with vt. 处理；
tempt/tempt/vt.引诱；
tackle /ˈtækl/v.解决；
accomplishment /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənt/n.成就
burner /ˈbɜːrnər/n. 炉头、灶眼（做饭用的火口）
back burner /ˌbæk ˈbɜːrnər/ n.（习语用法）次要位置；暂缓处理的状态
front burner（前炉）火力最强；最顺手；用来做当前最重要、最紧急的菜
back burner /ˌbæk ˈbɜːrnər/ n.习语；火力较小；不显眼、不着急；用来慢慢炖、保温、晚点再处理
put something on the back burner= 把这件事放到后面的炉子上慢慢来= 降低优先级，暂缓处理
pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/adj.紧迫的；
sweat /swet/ 辛苦地干
tidy up/ˈtaɪdi ʌp/整理；收拾
tidy/ˈtaɪdi/ v.整理；adj.整洁的；
greet/ɡriːt/vt.欢迎；
messy /ˈmesi/adj.混乱的；不整洁的；
burned out adj.筋疲力尽
strive /straɪv/vi.努力；力求；
Chronic/ˈkrɑːnɪk/adj.慢性的；长期的；
headway /ˈhedweɪ/n.前进；进展
make headway前进;取得进展
hectic /ˈhektɪk/adj.忙碌的；
set aside … for/ˈset əsaɪd/留出
downtime：/ˈdaʊntaɪm/n.停工期；(尤指计算机的)停机时间，停止运行时间；休息
breather/ˈbriːðər/n.短暂的休息
adequate /ˈædɪkwət/adj.足够的；
concert/ˈkɑːnsərt/n.音乐会；
rest/rest/n.休息时间
combat/ˈkɑːmbæt/vt.防止，减轻，抑制；
decompress/ˌdiːkəmˈpres/v.(使)减压；
compress/kəmˈpres , ˈkɑːmpres/v.压缩
wonder n.惊讶；奇事；
no wonder 不奇怪
toss and turn辗转反侧;翻来覆去
plagued /pleɪɡ/vt.困扰
Rest assured/rest əˈʃʊrd/请放心
assured [əˈʃʊrd]adj.确定的; 自信的; 有把握的;
to-do list：待办清单
overlooked /ˌoʊvərˈlʊkt/adj.被忽视的 v.忽略；
overlook/ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/vt.没有注意到，忽视，
incompetent/ɪnˈkɑːmpɪtənt/adj.无能的；n.不称职(或不能胜任、无能)的人
keep on top of 掌握；保持优势
with … in mind：考虑到……；出于对……的考虑（固定结构，表示“作为出发点/前提”）
would be better advised to：更明智的做法是……；更合理/更值得建议的是……（委婉但强烈的建议）
non-essential/ˌnɑːn ɪˈsenʃl/adj.非必需的；不重要的
SECTION 3 听录音 匹配相近词组
toss and turn➡ sleep restlessly
reenergize➡ recharge your batteries
put it on the back burner➡do it when you’re not busy
chronic➡recurring or lasting
a breather➡a break
headway➡progress
word
restless/ˈrestləs/adj.焦躁不安的；坐立不安的；不耐烦的；没有睡眠的；没有真正休息的
restlessly adv.
不安地；不安地，慌张地，无休止地
toss and turn 是固定搭配，专指睡不着、翻来覆去。
reenergize/ˌriːˈɛnərdʒaɪz/v. 重新赋予能量；恢复精力；重新激活（派生自 energy /ˈɛnərdʒi/ n. 能量、精力）
energize/ˈenərdʒaɪz/vt.激励；供电
recur/rɪˈkɜːr/vi.反复出现；重现；再发生
recurring/rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ/v.反复出现；再发生adj.循环的；再发的
last/læst/v.持续；
SECTION 4 选择正确的选项
(1/5) It can be difficult to _____ a lot of problems at the same time.
handle
decompress （放松）
headway （进展，名词）
(2/5) I like to _____ at the end of each day by reading a book.
cope with (cope with 后面要接 problems/stress)
decompress 放松、减压
frazzled 感到身心俱疲
(3/5) Work is so stressful at the moment. I constantly feel _____.
chronic 长期的
frazzled
headway
(4/5) How are you going to _____ losing two members of your team?
set aside
cope with
decompress
(5/5) I really feel like we’re making _____ on this project.
downtime
workload
headway
SECTION 5 排序
symptoms or causes：
Her schedule’s hectic.
I feel frazzled.
It’s a heavy workload.
He’s got high blood pressure.
We’ll get burnt out.
ways to cope：
Recharge your batteries.
Don’t sweat the small stuff.
Put something on the back burner.
Make headway.
Take a breather.
Grammar（Emphasizing）
SECTION 1 阅读材料
(1/3) Expansion: adding emphasis
Sometimes speakers want to focus attention on a particular thing or idea. One way to do that is to change the order of a sentence. In some grammar books, this is referred to as a cleft sentence. One way is to reorder a sentence for emphasis by beginning with What. Then, connect the remainder of the sentence with be. Notice that the emphasis is on constant noise in the first sentence and how it changes to frustrates me with the What cleft.
有时候，说话者希望把注意力集中在某一个特定的事物或观点上。实现这一点的一种方式，是改变句子的语序。其中一种方式，是为了强调而把句子重新排列，并以 What 开头。注意：在第一个句子中，强调的是 constant noise，而在 What 裂句中，强调点转移到了 frustrates me 这个“情绪/影响”上。
The constant noise frustrates me. —> What frustrates me is the constant noise.
You can also put What expressions in front of a sentence to emphasize the entire sentence.
你也可以把 What 引导的表达 放在句首，用来强调整句话的内容。
You need to be more careful.—> What you need to do is be more careful.
The moment you relax, your immune system crashes.—> What happens is, the moment you relax, your immune system crashes.
你一放松，免疫系统就会立刻崩溃。
Words
Expansion/ɪkˈspænʃn/n.扩展、延伸（这里指语法用法的延伸）
adding emphasis：增加强调、突出重点；标题含义：通过结构变化来增强语气重点
focus attention on：把注意力集中在……
is referred to as：被称为
remainder /rɪˈmeɪndər/n.余数；剩余时间；剩余物；adj.剩余的；留存下的
remain/rɪˈmeɪn/n.剩余物，残余（物）
entire /ɪnˈtaɪər/adj.整个的
immune /ɪˈmjuːn/adj.有免疫力；
(2/3) You can also emphasize with so + adjective followed by a that clause.
你也可以通过 so + 形容词 + that 从句 的结构来实现强调。
I’m so nervous that I can’t focus.
Lolo was so consumed by life that she forgot to eat.Lolo
被生活忙得不可开交，甚至忘了吃饭。
You can also add emphasis using so much + adjective, preposition or noun phrase, and then a that clause.
你还可以使用 so much + 形容词 / 介词短语 / 名词短语 + that 从句 来加强语气。
The traffic’s gotten so much worse that I’ve started taking the subway.
交通状况变得糟糕得多，我都开始改坐地铁了。
She’s got so much on her mind that she scheduled two meetings for the same time.
她脑子里事情太多了，结果把两个会议排在了同一时间。
Gary’s under so much pressure at work that he becomes a nervous wreck.
Gary 工作压力大到几乎精神崩溃。
Words
consumed /kənˈsuːmd/adj.充满…的；沉迷…的
consume/kənˈsuːm/vt.消费；消耗，
preposition /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/n.介词
形容词（worse）
介词短语（on her mind）在心里
名词短语（pressure at work）
wreck/rek/n.(身体或精神上)受到严重损伤的人，崩溃
a nervous wreck：n.极度神经质的人;极度精神紧张的人
(3/3) You can also emphasize with such a or such an + a noun or a noun phrase followed by a that clause.
你也可以使用 such a / such an + 名词（或名词短语）+ that 从句 的结构来加强强调。
He was such a wreck that he forgot it was his birthday.
他当时整个人糟糕透了，连自己生日都忘了。
Daniel is such a conscientious student that I’m sure he’ll do well.
Daniel 是个非常认真负责的学生，所以我确信他会表现得很好。
Note: You cannot substitute so or such with very. Remember, you can omit that in all of these sentences.
记住：在所有这些句子中，that 都可以省略。
Words
conscientious /ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs/adj.认真的；一丝不苟的；勤勉认真的
substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/v.(以…)代替
such a wreck：糟糕成那样 / 崩溃到不行
wreck：原义“残骸”，引申为“精神或生活一团糟的人”
omit /əˈmɪt/v.省略
SECTION 2 听录音选择正确的选项
Audio
Hi Daniel, it’s Mom here. I’m just calling because I know you must be nervous about next week’s exams. Take it easy on yourself, though, okay? You’re such a conscientious student that I’m sure you’ve kept up with your reading, so there’s no need to run yourself ragged now. You know, when your brother was taking his final exams last year, he was so nervous that he couldn’t sleep the night before, and he was so consumed by studying that he didn’t take the time to eat properly. Remember, he’d planned that trip to the beach for the day after his last exam, but by the time he’d finished them, he was so sleep-deprived and malnourished that he came down with a terrible cold. He was such a wreck that he couldn’t go on the trip. What happens is, the moment you slow down, your immune system crashes. So, what you need to do is take good care of yourself. Make sure you’re eating and sleeping. Well, take care and good luck, kiddo. We’ll be rooting for you.
嗨，丹尼尔，是妈妈。我打电话是因为我知道你肯定在为下周的考试紧张。不过，别对自己太苛刻，好吗？你一直都是个非常认真的学生，我相信你早就按部就班完成了学习，现在没必要把自己累垮。你还记得吧，去年你哥哥考期末的时候紧张得前一晚都睡不着，而且一心只顾学习，连饭都不好好吃。你记得吧，他本来计划最后一门考完就去海边旅行，可等考完时，他已经严重缺觉又营养不良，结果得了场重感冒。他当时整个人都垮了，连那趟旅行都没法去了。事情往往就是这样——你一松下来，免疫系统就垮了。所以你现在最重要的，是好好照顾自己。一定要好好吃饭、好好睡觉。好了，照顾好自己，祝你好运，孩子。
Words
though/ðoʊ/adv.(尤用于句末补充说明，使语气减弱)不过，可是，
Take it easy on yourself：对自己别太苛刻
conscientious/ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs/adj.认真的；
run yourself ragged把自己累到精疲力竭（强烈口语表达）
ragged /ˈræɡɪd/adj.精疲力竭的；
kept up with your reading：一直按进度完成阅读任务
kept up with跟上；不落后
conscientious student：自律、认真的学生（高度评价）
final exams：期末/毕业考试，压力极大
so consumed by studying：完全被学习吞噬
properly/ˈprɑːpərli/adv.适当地；正确地；恰当地；
consumed /kənˈsuːmd/v.消耗，
sleep-deprived 睡眠不足的
deprive /dɪˈpraɪv/v.剥夺；使丧失；
malnourished /ˌmælˈnɜːrɪʃt/adj.营养不良的
slow down/sloʊ daʊn/放松
came down with：突然患上（疾病）
What happens is：解释规律、总结经验
the moment：一……就……（瞬间触发）
root for为某人加油、支持
kiddo/ˈkɪdoʊ/n.小家伙，小伙子，年轻人(尤用作比自己年纪轻的人的爱称)
(1/7) Daniel is such a _____, she’s sure he’s kept up with all his reading.
conscientious student
student’s conscience：学生的良心
very conscientious
Words
conscience/ˈkɑːnʃəns/n.良心；良知；
(2/7) Daniel’s brother was so nervous _____.
that he vomited
that he fainted
that he couldn’t sleep
Words
vomit/ˈvɑːmɪt/v.呕吐；
faint/feɪnt/vi.昏倒；昏厥
(3/7) His brother was so _____ that he didn’t take the time to eat properly.
examined
consumed by his exams
focused on my health
Words
examine/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/vt.检查；
consume/kənˈsuːm/vt.消费；消耗
consumed by：被……完全占据（时间、精力、注意力）
(4/7) He was so sleep deprived and malnourished _____ .
这是标准 so … that … 结果从句
then he came down with a cold
that he came down with a cold
so he came down with a cold
(5/7) He was such a wreck _____ .
that he couldn’t go on the trip
that he couldn’t eat
that he got a terrible cold
(6/7) What _____, the moment you slow down, your immune system crashes.
happening
it happens
happens is
(7/7) What _____ take care of yourself.
is needed to
is you need to do
you need to do is
SECTION 3 选择括号内相近答案
(1/5) I was so (anxious) on the morning of my wedding that I left the rings at home.
distracted/dɪˈstræktɪd/ adj. 注意力分散的，心不在焉的
worry
much anxiety
句型骨架
- I was so + 形容词 + that + 结果
- “so … that …” 表示：情绪强烈 → 导致具体后果
(2/5) The boss gave me (such a heavy workload) that I’ll have to stay late all week.
such a work
so much work
a very heavy workload
逐项判断：
such a work （work 不可数，不能加 a）
so much work （语法正确，语义等价）
a very heavy workload （缺少 that，引导不了结果从句）
(3/5) The economy is in such (bad shape) that I fear for my job.
dire/ˈdaɪər/adj.危急的；极其严重的；极差的；极糟的
shamble/ˈʃæmbl/n.蹒跚；
messy/ˈmesi/adj.混乱的；凌乱的；
结构：
be in such + 名词 + that …
bad shape/bæd ʃeɪp/糟糕的状态
(4/5) Gary is under so much (pressure) at work that he has become a nervous wreck.
stressful
stressed
stress
(5/5) There was (such heavy traffic) this morning that I arrived an hour late for my morning class.
so traffic
such traffic
so much traffic
精读解析
traffic = 不可数名词
可用结构：
so much + 不可数名词
such + 不可数名词 （除非有形容词 + 名词结构）
逐项判断：
so traffic （缺少 much）
such traffic
so much traffic
SECTION 4
Which ones are grammatically correct?
The sales team is under very much pressure that team spirit is eroding.
What frustrates me is the constant interruptions.
I’ve got such terrible headache that I’m going to call in sick.
问题点：headache 是可数名词；such + adj + a + 可数名词
正确应为：I’ve got such a terrible headache that I’m going to call in sick.
She’s got so much on her mind that she’s acting irrationally.
The situation’s gotten so much worse that I’ve lost all hope.
她最近心事太重，做事已经有点不理智了。
Words
grammatically/ɡrə’mætɪklɪ/语法上
pressure 不可数名词；very much 形容数量，错误； so much pressure正确
erode/ɪˈroʊd/v.削弱；风化；逐渐毁坏
interruption/ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/n.中断；打扰；中断时间；插嘴；打岔
irrational/ɪˈræʃənl/adj.不合理的；
Expression（Expressing help and support）
SECTION 1
Writings
From_
ToAll
Hi Caleb,
I got your letter yesterday — thank you for the picture of the wedding. I framed it and put it on the mantel next to your graduation picture. Does the time ever fly!
我昨天收到了你的来信——谢谢你寄来的婚礼照片。我已经把它装裱起来，放在壁炉台上，和你的毕业照并排摆着。时间过得可真快啊！
I understand you are under a lot of stress looking for a new place. Moving can be that way. It sounds like you are looking at a lot of places, and that can be very overwhelming. Probably what you need to do is narrow down the area you are looking in. It might be a good idea to visualize what your life would be like in the different areas of the city and decide on one. Then only look at property in that area. When you make a list of pros and cons, you ought to consider the commute, where you’ll do your grocery shopping, and even though you’re not there yet, thinking about the schools in the area couldn’t hurt.
我理解你在找新住处这件事上承受着很大的压力。搬家往往就是这样。听起来你已经看了很多房子，而这确实很容易让人感到不堪重负。也许你需要做的是先缩小找房的区域范围。不妨设想一下，如果住在城市的不同区域，你的生活会是什么样子，然后选定一个区域。接下来只在这个区域内看房子。当你列出利弊清单时，应该考虑通勤情况、日常在哪儿买菜，甚至即便你现在还没考虑到那一步，提前想想附近的学校也无妨。
It’s always hard to know if you are making the right decision, so don’t be afraid to ask to view the house a few times before you make an offer. And you should definitely try to schedule your viewings at different times of the day and week to get an idea of what the place is like at different hours. As for the condition, caveat emptor, or ‘buyer beware’ applies, so the only solution is to hire a professional house inspector, and ask loads of questions. My neighbor Dale’s son is an inspector. Why don’t you try giving him a call? I think his fee is about $500. Let me know if you would like his phone number and I’ll get it for you.
是否做出了正确的决定总是很难判断，所以在出价之前，别害怕多看几次房子。而且你一定要尽量安排在一天中、以及一周中不同的时间去看房，这样才能了解房子在不同时段的真实情况。至于房屋状况，“买者自慎”（caveat emptor）的原则是适用的，因此唯一的办法就是请一位专业的房屋检测员，并且多问问题。我邻居 Dale 的儿子就是做这行的，你不妨给他打个电话试试。
Well, let me know how it all goes and please give my regards to Tanya.
好了，记得告诉我事情进展得怎么样，也请代我向 Tanya 问好。
Love,
Grandad Jack
爱你的，爷爷Jack
Select the two accurate statements.
Caleb gets the advice after he’s already bought the house.
Grandad Jack thinks getting a house inspector is money well spent.
Caleb and his wife are trying to have a baby.
Grandad Jack thinks Caleb should confine his search to a smaller area.
Caleb is preparing for his upcoming marriage.
Words
Caleb/ˈkeɪləb/凯莱布
mantel /ˈmæntəl/n.壁炉架;壁炉台
frame/freɪm/n.(图画、门、玻璃等的)框架；帧；vt.给…镶边；给…做框
Does the time ever fly!
time fly：时间飞逝
Does … ever fly!：强烈感叹“时间过得真快啊！”
ever adv.真是；（情感加强副词）
narrow /ˈnæroʊ/v.缩小；adj.狭窄的；狭隘的；狭义的；
narrow down 缩减；减小；压缩
grocery /ˈɡroʊsəri/n.杂货店；
grocery shopping买杂货
that way：确实就是这样（安慰性表达）
visualize/ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/vt.可视化；想象；
property：房产（正式用法）
ought to/ˈɔːt/：应该（语气比 should 稍弱但仍是建议）
couldn’t hurt：想一想也无妨 / 没坏处
view the house：看房
view/vjuː/n.看法vt.看，(尤指)仔细察看；查看(房子等，以便购买或租用)
make an offer：出价
offer/ˈɔːfər/v.提供；n.报价；出价；
schedule：安排
get an idea of：了解
at different hours：不同时段
caveat /ˈkæviæt/n.警告；告诫
emptor/ˈemptɔːr/（大陆法）买主；购买人
caveat emptor：拉丁语，“买者自慎”
As for：至于
buyer beware：对拉丁语的解释
applies：买者自慎这一原则在这里是适用的；适用
至于房屋状况，“买者自慎”（buyer beware）的原则在这里是适用的，
beware/bɪˈwer/v.小心；当心；提防
inspector/ɪnˈspektər/n.检查员；视察员；inspector：房屋检测员
regard/rɪˈɡɑːrd/n.(用于信函结尾或转达问候)致意，问候；
Tanya/ˈtɑnjə/n.塔尼亚；丹耶
confine /kənˈfaɪn/vt.限制；监禁；限定；
money well spent（值得花的钱）
SECTION 2 点击配对
What you need to do → is set priorities.
It might be a good → idea to postpone it.
The only solution is → to postpone the event.
You ought to take → a breather sometimes.
Calling ahead → couldn’t hurt.
提前打个电话也无妨。
You should → definitely tell your boss.
Words
postpone/poʊˈspoʊn/vt.推迟；延期；
Calling ahead 提前打个电话
SECTION 3 录音
(1/6) Put it on the back burner.
(2/6) what you need to do is decompress
(3/6) What happens is you toss and turn and get frazzled.
(4/6) What frustrates me is the constant interruptions.
(5/6) It might be a good idea to read a book.
(6/6) The only solution is to sit quietly.轻声地;；
Final（offering help and support）
SECTION 1
(1/6) this Donnelly deal is driving me crazy. There’s just so much work that I can’t seem to make any headway.
这桩 Donnelly 的交易真是把我折腾得快疯了。工作实在太多了，多到我怎么都推进不下去。
A. Isn’t there anything you can put on the back burner?难道就没有什么事情可以先放一放、不那么着急处理吗？
B. Do I really seem that frazzled?我看起来真的有那么焦头烂额吗？
C. How did you manage to decompress so quickly?你是怎么做到这么快就放松下来的？
(2/6) You mean I should try to prioritize better?
A. Yeah, a vacation will help you recharge your batteries.
B. Yeah, postpone some less important things.
C. Yeah, just toss and turn until you fall asleep.
(3/6) I don’t know, I’ll have to think about it, but right now, I just need to find a way to decompress before bed. 我也说不准，得再想想，不过现在最要紧的是，先想办法在睡前让自己放松下来。
A. Great that you made some headway.太好了，你总算取得了一些进展。
B. You do seem pretty frazzled.你看起来确实挺焦头烂额的。
C. Too bad you just tossed and turned.可惜的是，你只是翻来覆去地没睡好。
(4/6) I am. Really, I’m thinking of quitting. I just feel so uncertain about everything.
是的，确实如此。说真的，我已经在考虑辞职了，我只是对一切都感到非常迷茫、不确定。
A. What frustrates me are the constant interruptions.真正让我感到挫败的，是那些没完没了的打断。
B. What happens is your immune system crashes.结果就是，你的免疫系统会直接崩溃。
C. What you need to do is recharge your batteries.
(5/6)
It might be a good idea to sit quietly for a while.也许安静地坐一会儿，会是个不错的主意。
The only solution is to watch your favorite show.
You ought to take on more responsibility.
(6/6)
Sure! It helps me so much that I sleep like a baby.
Right! It irritates me so much that I turn it off at night.
I know! It hurt me so much that I bought a brand new one.
我懂！那感觉糟糕到我直接买了一个全新的。
word
manage to 设法做到
postpone vt.推迟；
immune /ɪˈmjuːn/adj.有免疫力；